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Euphorbia remyi var. kauaiensis

O.Deg. & Sherff (1936)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Malpighiales Family: Euphorbiaceae Genus: Euphorbia

‘akoko, ‘ekoko, koko, kōkōmālei

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs.

Stems: Stems erect to scandent, 0.3–2 m long, glabrous, flowering branches 1–6 mm in diameter.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite, decussate. Blades elliptic to oblong or broadly lanceolate, 35–165 mm long, 15–75 mm wide. Apex broadly acute to acuminate or rounded, sometimes retuse. Base cuneate to rounded or obtuse, oblique. Surfaces glabrous, rarely pubescent at basal margin. Margins entire. Petioles channeled above, 2–20 mm long, glabrous or pilose above. Stipules acute to rounded–triangular, 1–2 mm long, ciliate, erose, caducous and leaving a scar.

Flowers: Flowers in cyathia 2 or more in many branched cymose inflorescences, peduncles 3–11 mm long, glabrous. involucre broadly campanulate, 1.5–4 mm high, 2.5–5 mm wide, glabrous to pilose beneath the glands, glands 4–5, purple to red, glabrous. Flowers unisexual and highly reduced. Pistillate flowers solitary, on a gynophore; staminate flowers in 5 groups or cymules, each with 1 to several flowers. Calyx (sepals) absent. Corolla (petals) absent. Male flower reduced to a single stamen, with an articulation at junction of pedicel and filament, subtended by slender bracteoles. Ovary superior; styles white to red, bifid less than half their length, 1–1.5 mm long; stigma thickened.

Fruit: Capsules scarcely exserted beyond the top of the cyathia; green to brown; 3–5 mm long; glabrous; gynophores recurved; exserted 1–3 mm from involucre; glabrous. Seeds white to brown; 2–3 mm long; smooth to shallowly rugose.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Wet forests.

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Bot. Gaz. 97: 584 (1936)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:614 (K [as Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis]); Govaerts et al. 2000:818/Yang & Berry 2011 (Syn. C. r. var. kauaiensis = E. r. var. kauaiensis)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Euphorbia remyi var. kauaiensis Kaholuamanu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 12936 Kauai BISH 1916-10-01
2 Euphorbia remyi var. kauaiensis Near Hanapepe Falls Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8093 Kauai BISH 1926-06-19
3 Euphorbia remyi var. kauaiensis Near Hanapepe Falls Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8093 Kauai BISH 1926-06-19
4 Euphorbia remyi var. kauaiensis Kaholuamanu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 17108 Kauai BISH 1916-10-01
5 Euphorbia remyi var. kauaiensis Near Hanapepe Falls Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8093 Kauai BISH 1926-06-19
6 Euphorbia remyi var. kauaiensis Lumahai, eastern ridge just above falls. Metrosideros lowland wet forest with Antidesma platyphyllum var. hillebrandii, Syzgium sandwicensis, Cheirondendron spp, Ilex anomala, Tetraplasandra, Dubautia knudsenii, Psychotria mariniana, P. hexandra, Psychotria wawrae, Hedyotis terminalis, Melicope spp. Preserved_Specimen Tree, 4 m tall, 7 cm diameter at base, stems medium brown, leaves translucent, medium green, in flower and early fruit, in flower and immature fruit, 4 trees observed. Wood, K.R. 8109 Kauai BISH 2000-01-06
7 Euphorbia remyi var. kauaiensis Boundary of Lihue and Kawaihau Distr.; headwaters of the N fork of the Wailua River, N of Mt Kawaikini and SE of Mt Waialeale Primary undisturbed vegetation of scattered trees and shrubs 1-1.5 m tall over saturated, rock soil; dominated by Metrosideros, Cyrtandra, Diplazium & Perrottetia. Preserved_Specimen Treelet of up to 7 ft; leaves dark glossy greenwith pale green midrib, below pale, glossy with whitish-green midrib; peduncle pale green; pedicel brick red; cyathia same; cyathial glads dark brick red; fruit recurved, pale green with maroon band along each angle of fruit; style branches three, bifurcate, maroon. Flynn, T.W. 4210 Kauai BISH 1990-08-23
8 Euphorbia remyi var. kauaiensis Wainiha, upper E fork. Metrosideros 40 - 60% closed w/ 12-15 m tall canopy, understory of Perrottetia, Psychotria spp, Dubautia spp, Labordia spp, Tetraplasandra kavaiensis, T. oahuensis, rich fern and bryophyte understory. Preserved_Specimen Tree up to 6 m tall, stems gray-brown, ca 300 trees along E fork. Wood, K.R. 13111 Kauai BISH 2008-06-17
9 Euphorbia remyi var. kauaiensis Lihue District. Blue Hole, headwaters of Wailua River, below Waialeale and Kawaikini. Metrosideros lowland wet forest and shrubland surrounded by about 1000 meter cliffs with Psychotria mariniana, P. hexandra, Antidesma platyphyllum var. hillebrandii, Pipturus albidus, Ureara glabra, Kadua centranthoides, Touchardia latifolia, Dianella sandwwicensis, Polyscias oahuensis, Preserved_Specimen Tree, 3-4 meters tall, moderately branched, in flower and immature fruit, about 50+ in area. Wood, K.R. 17257 Kauai BISH 2017-02-21
10 Euphorbia remyi var. kauaiensis Wainiha, S for above 1500 ft confluence. Riparian vegetation with moderate to steep slopes 70-80 % cover. Canopy dominated by Metrosideros, 8 - 112 m, or Aleurites, 8 - 10 m with abundant understory of Psidium guajava, w/ Pisonia umbellifera, Ilex, Psychotria mariniana, Kadua affinis, steeper open slopes. Preserved_Specimen Tree 3 - 4 m tall, diffusely branched, with fls and frt, stems dark brown, cyathia with red-purple appendages, colony of 20+ trees in drainage. Wood, K.R. 13451 Kauai BISH 2009-01-28
11 Euphorbia remyi var. kauaiensis Boundary of Lihue and Kawaihau Distr.; Area called The Blue Hole; Headwaters of N Fork of Wailua River, just N of Mt Kawaikini, and SE of Mt Waialeale. Deep narrow valley surrounded by vertical cliffs laced with waterfalls Deep narrow valley surrounded by vertical cliffs laced with waterfalls; Low undisturbed wet forest of small, stunted trees and shrubs, (Metrosideros, Bobea, Perrottetia, etc.) with ground cover of Pteridophytes, Gunnera, Cyrtandra, and Cyanea, growing over saturated, rocky ground. Preserved_Specimen 2-3 m tall, erect and spreading. Stipule margins red, infloresence brick-red, cyathial glands deep-red. Wood, K.R. 100 Kauai BISH 1988-08-10
12 Euphorbia remyi var. kauaiensis Boundary of Lihue and Kawaihau Districts; headwaters of the N. fork of the Wailua River, N. of Mt. Kawaikini and SE of Mt. Waialeale; Primary undisturbed vegetation of scattered trees & shrubs 1-1.5 m. tall over saturated, rocky soil; dominated by Metrosideros, Cyrtandra, Diplazium & Perrottetia. Preserved_Specimen Treelet of up to seven ft.; leaves dark glossy-green with pale-green midrib, below pale, glossy with whitish-green midrib; peduncle pale-green; pedicel brick red; cyathia same; cyathial glands dark brick red; fruit recurved, pale green with maroon band along each angle of fruit; style branches three, bifurcate, maroon. Flynn, T.W. 4210 Kauai BISH 1990-08-23
13 Euphorbia remyi var. kauaiensis Hanalei District; Wainiha; back of valley below Hinalele Metrosideros-Dicranopteris lowland wet forest w/ saturated stream walls; Cyrtandra limahuliensis, C. oenobarba, C. cyaneoides, C. pickeringii, Bidens spp., Cyanea spp., Hedyotis spp., pteridophytes are abundant. Preserved_Specimen 4 m tall, few branched tree; fruit red. Wood, K.R. 2239 Kauai BISH 1993-01-09
14 Euphorbia remyi var. kauaiensis Boundary of Lihue and Kawaihau Distr. Area called The Blue Hole or The Crater; headwaters of N fork of Wailua River, just N of Mt Kawaikini and SE of Mt Waialeale Deep, narrow valley surrounded by vertical cliffs 600-700 meters high laced with waterfalls; low undisturbed wet forest of small, stunted trees & shrubs (Metrosideros, Bobea, Perrottetia, etc.), with ground cover pteridophytes, Gunnera, Cyrtandra, & Cyanea. Preserved_Specimen Treelets 1.5-2 m tall, stem 1.5-2 cm in diam., latex white. Young leaves & midrib reddish. Inflorescence deep brick red, style branches maroon, ovary green w red margins, filaments white, cyathial glads very dark, deep red. Lorence, D.H. 6591 Kauai BISH 1990-08-23
15 Euphorbia remyi var. kauaiensis Blue Hole stream drainage steep, rocky NE facing slope, 15 m above stream bed; Metrosideros polymorpha, Psychotria, Pipturus, Cyrtandra, Sadleria cyatheoides, Hedyotis, Erigeron karvinskianus Preserved_Specimen 2.5 m tree; leaves dark green, light green midrib, to 12 cm long; dark red inflorescences; gynophores green, dark red rib; milky sap Trauernicht, C. 729 Kauai BISH 2009-02-11
16 Euphorbia remyi var. kauaiensis Lihue District. Blue Hole, headwaters of Wailua River, below Waialeale and Kawaikini. Metrosideros lowland wet forest and shrubland surrounded by about 1000 meter cliffs with Psychotria mariniana, P. hexandra, Antidesma platyphyllum var. hillebrandii, Pipturus albidus, Ureara glabra, Kadua centranthoides, Touchardia latifolia, Dianella sandwwicensis, Polyscias oahuensis, Preserved_Specimen Tree, 3-4 meters tall, moderately branched, in flower and fruit, about 50+ in area. Wood, K.R. 17259 Kauai BISH 2017-02-21
17 Euphorbia remyi var. kauaiensis Hanalei District. Wainiha valley, Hinalele falls area, in forest East side of stream. Metrosideros forest. Pipturus, Sadleria cyathioides, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Cyrtandra wainihaensis, Boehmeria grandis, Bidens, Lipochaeta connata var acris, Dubautia plantaginea, Antidesma platyphylla, Pisonia, Pshchotr Preserved_Specimen Scattered shrubs flowering, 3 meter ht Perlman, S. 24362 Kauai BISH 2015-02-10
18 Euphorbia remyi var. kauaiensis Near Hanapepe Falls Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8093 Kauai BISH 1926-06-19
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